Ania Guzowska Poza tym zastanawiam się jak dziecko traktuje tego konia? Nie jako zabawke, na której sie można pochuśtać? Ale może nie. W każdym razie fajnie być dzieckiem, które od małego poznaje takie metody treningowe!

Cytat:Trailer loading of horses: is there a difference in positive and negative reinforcement concerning stress related symptoms and effectiveness?
Payana Hendriksen, Katrine Elmgreen, Jan Ladewig
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Abstract
A stressed horse can create an unsafe training environment. Positive (PR) and negative reinforcement (NR) were compared in order to find the least stressing training method. 12 horses with severe trailer loading problems were selected and subjected to trailer loading. They were randomly assigned to one of the two methods. NR consisted of various degrees of pressure (lead rope pulling, whip tapping). Pressure was removed as soon as the horse complied. PR horses were subjected to clicker training and taught to follow a target into the trailer. PR was conducted without the use of NR, though a pressure was applied to stop the horse, if it moved more than 10 meters away from the trailer. The training was then resumed using PR at the new position. During both training methods the timing of the trainer’s signals were considered of high importance.
Stress related behavior, avoidance and heart rate were recorded. Training was completed when the horse could enter the trailer upon a signal or was terminated after 15 sessions. Ten of the 12 horses reached the criterion within the 15 sessions. One horse was eliminated from the study due to illness and one PR horse failed to enter the trailer.
SAS 9.1 was used for statistical analysis. NR horses displayed significantly more stress related behavior and avoidance than PR horses. No difference could be seen in heart rate between the two methods. The time spent on completing the training was lower for PR horses than NR horses. In conclusion PR results in a calmer horse and a faster training solution. The disadvantage of PR is not being able to intensify a pressure if the horse refuses to cooperate.
Implications for the welfare of the ridden horse
Training can be completed using only PR, but for safety reasons a lead rope should be used, in case the horse reacts unexpectedly. Exaggerated pressure can stress a horse and create a dangerous situation; hence it is advisable to use a method which motivates the horse to cooperate instead of applying pressure. This is especially the case if the trainer is not confident in the timing and usage of NR.